BE 2nd Year Second Semester |
S. No. |
Course Code |
Course Name |
L |
T |
P |
Total |
Credits |
1 |
PY 201 or
PY 201H |
Physics II |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
PY 202 |
Physics Lab. |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
MA 202 or
MA 202H |
Probability and Statistics |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
MT 203 |
Physical Metallurgy Lab |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
MT 204 or
MT 204H |
Unit Opt. & Processes in Ext. Mett |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
MT 205 or
MT 205H |
Mechanical Behavior of Materials |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
|
Total: |
16 |
0 |
7 |
23 |
20 |
Course Name : PHYSICS II
Course Code : PY 201
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Quantum theory of light, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair production, photons & gravity, black holes, de-Broglie hypothesis, particle diffraction, uncertainty principle and applications
(5)
Postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrodinger theory, time dependent and time independent Schrodinger wave equation, wave function, Born interpretation and normalization, expectation values
(3)
Particle in a box (infinite potential well), finite potential step and barrier problems, tunneling, linear harmonic oscillator (one-dimensional)
(4)
Hydrogen atom, radiative transitions and selection rules, electron spin, Stern-Gerlach experiment, Spin-orbit coupling, exclusion principle, symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions
(5)
Natural radioactivity, successive radioactive transformations, radioactive equilibrium, radioactive series, radiometric dating
(2)
Nuclear force and its characteristics, Elementary description of shell model, explanation of magic numbers, liquid drop model and semi-empirical binding energy formula
(3)
Nuclear fission, fission products, mass and energy distribution of fission products, neutron emission and energy distribution of neutrons emitted in fission, theory of fission process, nuclear reactors – classification, neutron cycle in thermal reactors and four-factor formula for neutron reproduction, nuclear fusion – controlled thermonuclear reactions.
(4)
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, molecular energies in an ideal gas, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, black body radiation, Rayleigh-Jeans and Planck’s radiation laws, free electrons in a metal, electron-energy distribution, Fermi energy, electronic specific heat, conduction in metals, thermionic emission
(7)
Band theory of solids, Kronig-Penney Model (qualitative), conductors, insulators and semiconductors, p- and n-type semiconductors, statistics of electrons and holes, Hall effect
(4)
Occurrence, destruction of super conductivity, Meissner effect, type I and type II Super-conductors; heat capacity, isotope effect, thermodynamical considerations, phenomenological considerations, coherence length, BCS theory (elementary description), applications of superconductors.
(4)
BOOK:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics, by Arthur Beiser (McGraw-Hill)
REFERENCES:
1. Nuclear Physics, by I. Kaplan (Addison-Wesley)
2. Solid State Physics, by C. Kittel (Wiley Eastern)
3. Solid State Physics, by S.O. Pillai (New Age International)
4. Introduction to Modern Physics, by Richtmyer, Kennard & Cooper ( McGraw Hill)
5. Introduction to Modern Physics, by Mani & Mehta (East West Press)
6. Modern Physics, by Bernstein, Fishbane & Gasiorowicz (Pearson Education)
PY 201H PHYSICS-II
In addition to the contents of PY 201 the additional topics:
Quantum Mechanics α-decay, Zeeman effect, Correspondence Principle, Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics
Nuclear Physis: Artificial radioactivity and its applications, α-decay (energy spectrum & discovery of neutrino), Fusion Reactions in stars
Statistical Physis :Specific heat of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation
Solid & Semisonductor Physis: p-n junction, rectifier, LED, tunnel diode
Super Conductivity: High temperature superconductivity, Josephson junctions
Course Name : PHYSICS LAB.
Course Code : PY 202
Credits : 2
L T P : 0 0 3
- Study of significant figures and error analysis, techniques of drawing graphs and estimation of error in the slope and intercept of a linear graph.
- Learning to take into account the effects of experimental uncertainties and theoretical assumptions when making judgments about relationships between physical quantities.
- Familiarization with various measuring instruments starting from vernier callipers to spectrometer to cathode ray oscilloscope.
- Simple measurements – lengths, diameters, current, potential difference etc. and comparison of different methods of measurement of the same quantity.
- Learning to build simple electric circuits with series and parallel connections and use these to test qualitative hypotheses and quantitative rules.
- Designing a method to draw equipotential lines with various geometries of electrodes kept at different potentials.
- Finding the refractive index of a liquid – fabricating one’s own hollow prism.
- Determination of the wavelength of sodium light using various methods with the help of whatever apparatus is available in the lab.
- Preparing a single slit, double slit and multiple slits etc. and to study the interference/diffraction patterns produced by these.
At least 2 of the following exercises to be taken up with write-up as required for submission to a journal
- Using a photocell to determine Planck’s constant.
- Determination of the band gap of a semiconductor by any method for which the apparatus is available.
- Study of B-H curves for different materials.
- Measurement of Hall Voltage, Hall Angle etc. for a few materials.
- Determination of the Curie temperature of a couple of ferromagnetic materials.
- Measurement of Dielectric Constant of a couple of materials.
BOOK:
1. Practical Physics, by Gupta & Kumar (Pragati Prakashan)
REFERENCES:
1. B.Sc. Practical Physics, by C.L. Arora (S. Chand)
Course Name : PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
Course Code : MA 202
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS (14)
Random variables, Probability distributions, Expectation, Variance, Moments, Moment generating function; Chebyshev’s inequality Binomial, Poisson, Exponential, Uniform and Normal distributions, Normal and Poisson approximations to BinomialMultivariate distributions, Marginal and Conditional distributions, Independent random variables, Expected values, Moments, Covariance and Correlation, Distribution of functions of random variables
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS & ESTIMATION (14)
Population, Sample, Sampling distributions, Law of large numbers, Central limit theorem, Distribution of sample mean, Difference of means, Proportions and difference of proportions Chi-square distribution, Distribution of sample variance for Normal population, Student’s t-distribution, F-distribution, Estimation of parameters, Point estimate, Method of moments, Maximum likelihood method Confidence interval for mean, difference of means, variance, ratio of variance, proportions and difference of proportions; Sample size problem
TESTS OF HYPOTHESES (9)
Hypothesis, Test statistic, Critical region, Significance level, Tests for mean, variance and proportions Two sample problems, Chi-square test of goodness of fit, Contingency tables
REGRESSION & CORRELATION (8)
The method of least squares, Least square line and parabola, Regression, Application to time series, Problems involving more than two variables, Linear and multiple correlation, Regression lines and planes, Correlation co-efficient, Standard error of estimate, Relationship between multiple and partial correlation
BOOK:
- Probability and statistics for Engineers and Scientists, Walpole, Myers, Myers and Ye, Pearson Education, 7th edition, 2002.
REFERENCES:
- Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Hogg and Craig, Pearson Education, 5th edition, 2002.
- Miller and Freund’s: Prabability and Statistics for Engineers, Richard A. Johnson, 6th edition, 2002.
- John E. Freund’s: Mathematical statistics with Application, Miller and Miller, Pearson Education, 7th edition, 2003.
MA 202H, PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
In addition to the contents of MA 202 the additional topics:
Analysis of variance for one factor problems – Randomized design, Randomized block design and Latin square design.Course Name : PHYSICAL METALLURGY LAB
Course Code : MT 203
Credits : 4
L-T-P : 0 0 4
Pre Req. : __
TOOLS OF METALLURGIST.
Metallurgical Microscope:
- Understanding the working of metallurgical microscope, learning the concepts of magnification, resolving power, use of filters, focusing etc.
- Learning the skills for polishing and etching of metallic samples for metallographic observations.
Hardness tester:
- To understand the working of a hardness testing machine, selection of various scales for a given sample, their interrelationship.
Resistance heating furnace:
- Designing a simple resistance heating furnace for a given KVA capacity and heating element material. Finding the constant temperature zone in the furnace.
Thermocouple:
- Construction and calibration of thermocouple by EMF method and standard thermocouple method.
- Learning the skills for polishing and etching of metallic samples for metallographic observations.
SOLIDIFICATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS
- To find the cooling curve for a given pure metal (generally for low melting metals such as Aluminum / Lead/ Tin / Zinc) and for a given alloy (generally for a low melting alloy such as Al-Si / Pb-Sn etc.). Crude estimation of composition from these curves.
- Metallographic study of coring in solidified structure of alloy and its removal by homogenization – Effect of homogenization annealing temperature and time.
- Transformation of dendritic structure to grain structure to grain structure during homogenization annealing – Effect of temperature and time of homogenization.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHING CORRELATION WITH PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE GIVEN ALLOY SYSTEM.
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis in the following alloy systems:
Fe-C system, Aluminum alloys, Copper alloys, Titanium alloys
- Non conventional structures such as widmanstatan structure, banded structure etc.
ALLOY DEVELOPMENT
- Development of Low melting alloy using master alloy
- Study of microstructure of the alloy
- Study of mechanical property such as hardness.
DEFECTS IN CRYSTALS: (A) LINE DEFECTS (B) SURFACE DEFECTS, (C) VOLUME DEFECTS.
- Optical Metallographic observations of dislocations in NaCl crystal by Etch Pit Method.
- Optical Metallographic observations of grain boundaries and Twin boundaries in annealed Brass Sample.
- Metallographic observations of inclusion and precipitates using polarized light in optical microscope.
MICRO PLASTICITY IN METALS.
- Observe and understand the micro plasticity mechanisms such as slipping by developing slip bands in Al samples and their observation using optical microscope.
- Twinning in brass by annealing and observation of Twin boundaries using optical microscope.
STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS.
a.
Age-Hardening Mechanism
- Formation of Super saturated solid solution and subjecting Al-Cu alloy for Age hardening in oil bath furnace.
- To study the effect of temperature and time of formation of SSSS, and that of ageing treatment on the hardness of the alloy. The different ageing temperatures and time periods would be preselected by the student.
b.
Strain Hardening Mechanism
To study the effect of amount of cold working on the hardness to understand the strain hardening mechanism.
c.
Recovery-Recrystallization
To study the effect of temperature and time of recrystallization on the hardness to understand the recovery and recrystallization phenomenon.
Course Name : UNIT OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES IN EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY
Course Code : MT 204
Credits : 4
Design Points : 1
LT P : 4 0 0
Pre Req. : __
RATIONALE:
This course is designed to inculcate the basic principle, working and application of various industrial units used in Extractive metallurgy. It covers process and thermodynamics of metallurgy of all important non-ferrous metals.
15% of contents of the course pertain to design of an extractive process.
Lecture wise break-up No. of lectures
SCOPE OF MINERAL PROCESSING AND PRE-CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES (06)
Concept for mineral, ore and gangue. Classification and their processing for enrichment Concept of movement of solids in fluid. Reynolds number, free setting and hindered setting ratio. Stokes Law’s applications and its variable.
Physiochemical principles of concentration techniques. Froth floatation, electrostatic and magnetic separators, pre-concentration techniques.
Scenerio of Non Ferrous Industry (03)
Present and future position on non-ferrous metallurgical industry in India —resources, production and consumption. Economic importance of non-ferrous metallurgical industries.
Unit Operations in Extractive metallurgy (05)
Industrial units used in metallurgical industry for roasting, calcinations and smelting furnaces, their design, constructions advantages and disadvantages.
GENERAL METHODS OF EXTRACTION (08)
Pyrometallurgy: Calcination, Roasting, Predominance area diagram, Smelting, Roasting and Smelting furnacesHydrometallurgy: Leaching techniques and its variables, Types of leaching. Role of oxygen in leaching operations.
General Methods of Refining (06)
Sublimation, Distillation, Fractional distillation, Crystallization, Ion exchange, Solvent Extraction, Liquation, Fire refining, Electrolytic Refining, Zone refining, Extraction
Extraction of metals (24)
Refining of metals with reference to Physico-chemical principles
The various flow sheets of the production of
Aluminum, Copper, Nickle, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Gold, Silver, Magnesium and Titanium.
BOOKS:
- Non ferrous Metallurgy Dennis
- Extraction of Non-ferrous metals H.S.Ray, R. Sridhar, K.P. Abraham
REFERENCES:
- Mineral Processing Technology B.A. Wills-- Pergamon
- Principles of Mineral Dressing A.M. Gauden-- Tata Mcgraw Hill
- Mineral Processing E.J. Pryor-- Allied Science
- Ore Processing S.K. Jain – Oxford and IBH
- Non ferrous production metallurgy J.L. Bray
MT 204H UNIT OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES IN EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY (Non Ferrous)
In addition to the contents of MT 204 the additional topics:
Student has to confirm his/her technical competence in the subject by some additional home assignment involving solution to the case based problems. These assignments will be in addition to the regular assignment work.
Students may be asked to design the process and work out for its suitability of the project assignment. The work will be distributed in the 1st week of their inception into honors course and will be time bound with regular updating and evaluationCourse Name : MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
Course Code : MT 205
Credits : 4
Design Points : 1
L T P : 4 0 0
Pre Req. : __
RATIONALE:
This fundamental course for metallurgical engineer is to understand the defects in metals and deformation behavior of materials. The course is a prerequisite to understand the metal forming processes, Metallurgical failure analysis and design aspects
Lecture wise break-up No. of lectures
Concepts of Stress and types of Stress (02)
Concepts of Strain and types of Strain, Units, Strength of Materials, Failure of Materials
Elastic be (03)
Strain Relationships for Elastic Behavior. Elastic Stress – Strain relations, Calculation of Stresses from Elastic Strains, Strain Energy, Anisotropy, Atomic basis of Elastic Behavior, Stress Concentration, Finite, Element Method.
Plasticity of Materials: (03)
The Flow Curve, True Stress and True Strain, Yielding Criterion for ductile metals, Octahedral Shear Stress and Shear Strain, Plastic Stress – Strain relationship, Two Dimensional Plastic Flow – Slip line field Theory.
Plastic Deformation of Single Crystal (06)
Review of Crystal Geometry, Lattice defects – Introduction, Deformation by Slip, Slip in a perfect Crystal, Slip by Dislocation Movement, CRSS (Schmid’s law), Deformations of Single Crystal Deformation of FCC Crystals, Twinning, Stacking Faults, Deformation Bands and Kink Bands
Microstrain Behaviour, Strain Hardening of Single Crystal (05)
Dislocation Theory (12)
Dislocation during growth of crystals; Theoretical and observed yield stress, geometry of dislocations; Burgers Vector, Right hand convention - Types of dislocations loops and motion out of crystals strain energy of mixed dislocation two hard particles; simple relationship for forces between dislocation vector notation of dislocation in crystal systems; combination of dislocation stacking fault energy; motion of extended dislocation; construction Frank dislocation; Cross slip; double jump; Geometrical characteristics of dislocation; Interaction of dislocations (simple cases); Motion of kinked and Jogged dislocation; Non conservation method Motion creation of vacancies, Frank Read source, Sessile dislocations lomer-cotrell, stair-rod; width of dislocation; Pile up of dislocation, solid solution strengthening anti-phase boundary; Yield unit; louder bands; strain ageing; static dynamic
Annealing and hotworking(05)
Cold worked structure, effect of cold work on properties Annealing of Cold Worked Metals, Recovery, Recrystallizations and Grain Growth, Recystallization texture, annealing twins.
Strengthening Mechanism (07)
Grain boundaries and deformation, Strengthening from Grain Boundaries, Yield Point Phenomenon, Strain Ageing, Solid Solution Strengthening, Strain Hardening of Polycrystalline Materials, Precipitation hardening, Diffusion hardening, Dispersion hardening
Fracture (07)
Types of fracture; Theoretical fracture stress, Griffith theory, Orowan Theory, Comparison with equation based on stress concentration Crack velocities; Inglis equation; Dislocation model of crack nucleation Zener model, Cotrell-Hull model in BCC metals, propagation of crack, surface energy and strain energy criteria, effect of temperature on the type of fracture and the transition temperature.
BOOKS:
1. Dieter: Mechanical Metallurgy
2. Hayden, Moffet and Wulff: The structure and Properties of Materials Vol III Mechanical Behaviour
REFERENCES:
1. Reed-Hill: Physical Metallurgy Principles
MT205H MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
In addition to the contents of MT 205 the additional topics:
Additional work material in this course for the students will include:
Providing Extra reading materials
Review Assignments of relevant research Papers
Project/ Case study
Take home examinations
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