** Students will be given Departmental from respective group A or B or C
Course Name : FLUID & GAS DYNAMICS
Course Code : ME 501
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Navierpstokes’ equations. Potential flow theory and transformation. Flow around bodies, cylinders and aerofoil. Transformation of circle into aerofoil. Prediction of velocity and pressure distribution, boundary layer problems, laminar and turbulent boundary layers, separation criterion.
General differential equations of continuity, momentum and energy applied to compressible in viscid fluids, Sonic Velocity, Mach number and propagation of disturbance in a fluid flow. Inentropic flow and stagnation properties. Flow through nozzles and diffusers, Fanno, Reyleigh and isothermal flows through pipes.
Normal and oblique shocks, Supersonic expansion by urning, Prandtle-Mcyer function, Reflection, refraction and intersection of oblique shock waves, Detached shock.
Linearization and small perturbation theory. General solutions of supersonic flow, elements of supersonic thin airfoil theory. Method of characteristics for solving non-linear equations. Hodograph method for mixed subsonic and supersonic flow.
Wind tunnel and its instrumentation.
BOOKS:
1. Compressible Fluid Flow by Patrick Oosthuizen.
2. Fundamental of Compressible Flow by S.M. Yahya.
3. Gas Turbines and Propulsive System by Dubey and Khajuria. Course Name : THEORY OF ROTODYNAMIC MACHINES
Course Code : ME 502
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Review of fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics relevant to theory of Rotodynamics Machine. Energy Transfer between Rotor and Fluid, Euler’s equation, Deviation of actual flow from assumed ideal flow. Thermodynamics of Turbo machine, Processes Compression and Expansion Efficiency, Reheat Factor, Overall efficiency for finite number of stages, Basic Steam Cycles used in Steam Turbine Plant.
TWO DIMENSIONAL FLOW IN MACHINES
Two Dimensional Flow in Machines, Force due to Fluid flow with circulation and vortices creation of circulation around an aerofoil, Determination of circulation through velocity triangle. Vortex free flow in axial planes, Stream function in vortex free flow, axial symmetric flow in guides and runners, Distribution of meridian velocity in blade-less space with vortex flow.
THEORY OF AXIAL FLOW MACHINES
Theory of Axial Flow Machines, Through flow in a straight cascade in the basis of weing’s theory and application to axial flow machine, Determination of cascade parameters for given velocity triangles and conversely to determine the velocity triangles from given cascade geometry. Derivation of flow at the outlet of runner, Deflection of Peripheral component of absolute and relative velocities, determination of meridional component of axial machine relative flow through circular cascade for axis symmetric machines, performance characteristics of Axial Flow Machines.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND COMPRESSOR
Centrifugal Pumps and Compressor: Flow in Impeller channel, Pre-rotation, Inducing Section, Theoretical Analysis and Experimental observation of channel flow, vane and channel shape, Flow in discharge casing. Losses in Pumps and compressors, specific speed as a type characteristic. Operation of Pumps in series and parallel, Surging and choking in compressor, Pump and compressor characteristics
Performance of Turbines, Part load and overload characteristics. Turbine and Compressor Matching, Turbine blading and comparison of different type of Turbines, Energy Losses in Turbo machines.
BOOKS:
1. Fluid Mechanics of Turbomachinery by George Wislicenus.
2. Principles of Turbomachinery by D.G. Shepherd.
3. Steam and Gas Turbines by R. Yadav.
4. Fluid Mechanics by John Douglas and Gasionek.Course Name : MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS
Course Code : ME 503
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
BASIC ELASTICITY
Stress at a point, stress equations of equilibrium, laws of stress transformation, principal stresses and principal planes, stress invariants, Mohr’s circle for three-dimensional state of stress.
Strain analysis, strain equations of transformation, principal strains, compatibility equations, stress-strain relationship, generalized Hook’s law.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Elastic and plastic Behaviour, Anelasticity and Bauschinger effect, Theories of failure (Plastic yielding under combined stresses), Von Mises and Tresca Yield criteria.
Tensile and compressive deformation, necking, instability in tension and compression.
Stress and strain concentrations, Stress and strain distribution around cylindrical holes, geometric stress raisers and mitigation of stress concentration, methods for evaluation of stress concentration.
Residual stresses, their sources, effects and relief.
APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Imperfections in solids, diffusion mechanisms, dislocations and plastic deformation, strengthening mechanisms.
Brittle fracture, Griffith theory, Ductile fracture, Principles of Fracture mechanics.
Fatigue, SN diagram, theories of fatigue, cumulative fatigue damage, crack initiation and propagation, Effect of different variables on fatigue, design considerations from fatigue point of view.
Creep, mechanisms of creep, creep fracture, choice of materials for creep resistance.
EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
Introduction to various stress analysis techniques, Brittle coatings, strain gauges, various types of strain gauges, details of electrical resistance strain gauges, gauge sensitivity and gauge factor, temperature compensation.
Two-dimensional photoelasticity, stress optic law, photoelastic materials, optics of polariscope, plane and circular polariscope, dark and light field arrangements, isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns.
Birefringent coatings.
BOOKS:
1. Experimental Stress Analysis – Dally and Riley
2. Mechanical Metallurgy – George E. Dieter
REFERENCES:
1. Theory of Elasticity – Timoshenko & Goodier
2. Advanced Mechanics of Solids – L.S. Srinath
3. Materials Science and Engineering – William D. Callister
4. Experimantal Stress Analysis – Srinath, Raghvan and Lingaiah Course Name : FINITE ELEMENT METHODS IN ENGINEERING
Course Code : ME 504
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction to 1-DFEM. Problems in structural mechanics using two dimensional elements; Plane stress, plane strain, exisymmetric analysis; three dimensional stress analysis; Solution of heat conduction, fluid flow, vibration, stability, and nonlinear, large scale systems.
(Abstract Syllabus )BOOKS:1. Finite Element Method – J.N. Reddy – TMH
2. Finite Elements Method – Chandrupatla etal.
3. Finite Element Method – Heubnar etal. Course Name : DESIGN OF STEAM TURBINES
Course Code : ME 505
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Design of nozzles:
Expansion of steam nozzles with and without losses: determination of nozzle size under plain and oblique exit flow conditions.
Design of Impulse and Reaction Turbines:
Internal and external energy to losses in steam turbines, design of single stage impulse, turbine with one-and two rows of moving blades, design of multistage impulse turbines. Design of impulse-reaction turbines, and design criterion of turbines with extraction for regeneration.
Design and Construction of Steam Turbine Components:
Forms of cylinders, their material and design construction of nozzles and guide blades. Construction of diaphragms and their calculations. Glands and packing devices. Design and construction blades, rotors and discs. Attachment of blades to the rotor, Choice of bearings and lubrication.BOOKS:1. Steam Turbines by P. Shylakkhin.
2. Steam Turbine Theory and Practice by W.J. Kearton.
3. Steam and Gas Turbines by R. Yadav.Course Name : HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Course Code : ME 506
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Conduction: Steady state heat conduction including heat generation and heat losses in different co-ordinates, numerical analogue and graphical methods.
Unsteady state heat conduction as applied to thick wall, cylinder and sphere with sudden and with periodic changes of surface temperature. Semi-infinite state with imposed wall temperature distribution. Heat conduction with moving boundaries numerical analogue and graphical methods.
Conductive Heat Transfer:
Fundamentals: Reynold transport theorem. Derivation of N.S equation and energy; Dimensionless Number.
Laminar duct flows: Convection in fully developed flow and developing flow. Effect of wall boundary condition.
Natural Convection: External flows; boundary laying integral similarity solution; Exact & empirical correlation, Heat transfer over plane plate, cylinders, tube banks and spheres.
Turbulent Flows: Fundamental of Turbulent Heat convection; Turbulent boundary layer; Exact & empirical correlations.
Radiative Heat Transfer:
Law of Radiation, shape factor Algebra, Radiative heat exchange between different surfaces of simple geometric shape. Use of electrical analysis in solving problem of Radiative heat exchange.
Combined effect of heat transfer due to conduction, convection and radiation, use of relaxation methods.
Fundamentals of Mass Transfer: Fick’s law diffusive and convective Mass transfer, Mass exchangers: simultaneous heat & mass transfer-evaporative cooling. BOOKS:1. Heat & Mass Transfer – Incropera & Dewtt – John Willey Ltd.
2. Heat Transfer - J.P. Holman – Tata McGraw Hill Ltd.
3. Heat & Mass Transfer – R.C. Sachdeva – New Age Publications Ltd. Course Name : COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Course Code : ME 507
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
INTRODUCTION
General Remarks, Comparison of experimental, theoretical and numerical approaches, historical perspective.
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATOPMS
Introduction, Physical classification, Mathematical classification, Well-posed problem, system of equations other differential equation of interest.
BASICS OF FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD
Introduction, Finite differences, difference representation of partial differential equations, stability consideration.
APPLICATION OF FINITE DIFFERENCES METHODS TO SELECTED MODEL EQUATIONS
Wave equation, heat equation, Laplace’s equation, Burger’s equation (In viscid and viscous)
APPLICATIONS OF SELECTED METHODS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS OF FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER
Predictor-Corrector method for two dimensional incompressible, viscous flow (Crank Nichlson method and Keller Box. Method of solving B.L. fluid flow and heat flow equation, modified Box method for heat equation, ADI method and 3-D flow, artificial compressibility method to solve in viscid flow.
CASE STUDY
In viscid incompressible 2-D Flow.
Incompressible Laminar viscous flow with and without heat transfer.
2-D incompressible laminar B.L. with out heat transfer.
2-D incompressible turbulent B.L. with and without heat transfer.
Steady and unsteady heat conduction in 2-D.
BOOK:
1. Computation Fluid Flow – DA Arderson et.al. and heat transfer.Course Name : DYNAMICS OF ROTATING MACHINES
Course Code : ME 508
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Basic concept of vibration. Brief study of systems with one or two degrees of freedom. Study of many degrees of freedom systems with the following methods:-
Matrix Inversion method.
Matrix Iteration method.
Stodela’s Iteration method.
Holzer’s method.
The Rayleigh and Ritz method.
Ritz method.
Variational Methods ie. Reissneer & Dean & Plass.
FEM.
Hamilton’s Principle.
Galerkn’s Method.
Longitudinal and Torsional vibrations of circular shafts, flexural vibrations of beams with various and conditions. Simple application of the Hamilton’s principles. Steady state vibrations of beams with distributed heading vibrations of an elastic and homogenous plate. Introductory study of self excited vibrations, transient vibrations, random vibrations, nonlinear vibrations and vibration control.
Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors on rigid supports, Balancing machine, their characteristics and construction details. Importance of balancing of rotors and discs with blades. Course Name : PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPE LINE ENGG.
Course Code : ME 509
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Selection and classification of the type of vessels, problems of analysis and design of unfired and fired pressure vessels, design approach of pressure vessels, use of codes and standards.
Stresses in circular rings, cylinders, spheres etc.. Review of thick cylinder theory, General theory of membrance stresses in vessel under internal pressure. Dilation of pressure vessels, shrink fit stresses in built-up cylinders of multi-layers, autofrettage.
Thermal stresses, their graphical determination, stresses due to thermal transients, pressure limitation, temperature limitation, and process limitation, material selection, thermal analysis of a steam turbine casing.
Application of residual stresses in the design of pressure vessels, concept of shakedown.
Applications of principles of stresses concentration in welded, riveted and bolted joints, non-bolted closures, discontinuity stresses, stress in bimetallic joints, deformation and stresses in flanges.
Effect of environment on physical properties of pressure vessel materials, wind loads, seismic loads, miscellaneous loads method of supporting, construction and design of skirts, legs and miscellaneous supports.
Economics of pressure vessel design construction, design and material cost, fabrication methods, modular construction; handling and transportation etc.
Importance of analysis of pipe structure for stresses and flexibility.
Pressure design of piping system, design pressure (internal and / or external), Mechanical, chemical and structure allowances, pipe well thickness determination, pipe fittings and flanges design, branch connections.
Pipe stresses, direction and principal stresses, static load, dynamic load, pressure, temperature. Flexibility, its meaning and importance in piping design, thrust and stress computation, single plane configuration, multiplane configuration. Expansion joint, expansion loop and off set leg design. Flow sheets, applicable codes, one line diagram layout.
Pipe supports, supports for ambient low and high temperature pipes, Rack design, pipe anchor and guide design.
Pipe materials, pressure limitation, temperature limitation, process limitation, production technology for pipe and piping fittings, economic considerations in piping design, other pipe problems line vibrations etc.Course Name : THERMAL POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
Course Code : ME 510
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction: Types of Power Plants. Vapour Power cycles, Gas Turbine Cycle. Combined Cycles. Cogeneration. Techno economic analysis of power plants. Feasibility studies. Variable load problem. Fuels and combustion. Fuel handling equipments. Fossil fuel steam generators: Fossil fuel steam
Generators: Pulversied coal, oil and gas fired boilers & steam superheaters. Steam generators of Nuclear Power stations. Steam and Gas Turbines. Regenerative feed water heating at thermal and nuclear power plants. Condensers. Circulating water system. Cooling Towers. Site selection. Selection of power plant equipment. Environmental aspects of power generation; flue-gas cleaning and ash removal. Safety systems of Nuclear Power Plants, Operation of Power Plants. Instrumentation of Thermal Power Plants. BOOKS:1. Power Plant Technology by M.M. El-Wakil.
2. Power Station Engineering by Skrotzki.
3. Power Plant Technology by P.K. Nag.Course Name : INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
Course Code : ME 511
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
INSTRUMENTATION
Electromechanical transducers: Variable inductance and variable reluctance pick-ups, capacitance pick-ups, photocells, piezo electric transducers, thermoelectric and electrical resistance sensors, strain gages. Case studies for illustrating the application of these transducers for the measurement of physical parameters like position/displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration (vibration), temperature, pressure, flow and level etc. Instrumentation for thermal and hydro power stations.
Data acquisition and processing, signal conditioning, its storage and display.
CONTROL
Control systems and servomechanisms, level and order of controls, control system components, feed back in servomechanisms. Analysis of control systems: Block diagrams, Laplace transformers and characteristic equation, concept of stability, Routh’s Stability criterion, Nyguist locus and Bode diagrams.
Hydraulic control systems: constant flow and constant pressure arrangement, hydraulic / pump and valves (piston or spool valves flapper nozzle valve and jet pipe valve). Pneumatic control systems: Pneumatic power supplies, force and motion balance controllers, pneumatic nozzle flapper, pneumatic relay. Characteristics of hydraulic and pneumatic control systems.
BOOK:
1. Modern Control Engg. By OgataCourse Name : DESIGN OF COMPRESSORS AND GAS TURBINE
Course Code : ME 512
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
COMPRESSORS
Criterion for admission of dynamic compressors:
i) Design of centrifugal compressors-Inlet duct, impeller inlet, impeller outlet and impeller passages, vaneless diffuser, vaned diffuser, compressibility effect.
ii) Design of axial flow compressors-Number of stages, air angles, blade design, solidity, compressibility effects.
GAS TURBINES
Criterion for selection of gas turbines. Design of axial flow gas turbine, Number of stages, choice of blade profile, pitch and chord, estimation of stage performance.
HEAT EXCHANGES
Logarithmic mean temperature difference and effectiveness-NTU methods of design for parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow heat exchanger. Constructional details of gas turbine components. BOOKS:1. Gas Turbines by Cohan & Rogers
2. Gas Turbines by Ganesan
- Gas Turbines and Propulsive Systems by Khajaria
Course Name : ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Course Code : ME 513
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Importance of energy management. Energy auditing : methodology, analysis of past trends( plant data), closing the energy balance , laws of thermodynamics, measurements, portable and on line instruments. Energy economics - discount rate, payback period, internal rate of Return, life cycle costing. Steam Systems : Boiler -efficiency testing , excess air control , Steam distribution & use- steam traps , condensate recovery , flash steam utilisation. Thermal Insulation. Electrical Systems : Demand control, power factor correction, load scheduling/shifting, Motor drives- motor efficiency testing, energy efficient motors, motor speed control. Lighting- lighting levels, efficient options, fixtures, day lighting, timers, Energy efficient windows. Energy conservation in Pumps , Fans (flow control), Compressed Air Systems, Refrigeration & air conditioning systems. Waste heat recovery : recuperators, heat wheels, heat pipes, heat pumps. Cogeneration - concept, options(steam/gas turbines/diesel engine based), selection criteria , control strategy. Heat exchanger networking- concept of pinch, target setting, problem table approach, composite curves. Demand side management. Financing energy conservation
BOOKS:
- L.C.Witte, P.S.Schmidt, D.R.Brown , Industrial Energy Management and Utilization, Hemisphere Publ, Washington,1988.
- Industrial Energy Conservation Manuals, MIT Press, Mass, 1982.
- Energy Management Handbook, Ed: W.C.Turner, Wiley, New York, 1982.
Course Name : COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
Course Code : ME 514
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Thermodynamics of combustion, Free energy, Adiabatic flame temperature, Equilibrium theories, Composition, Chemical kinetics, reaction rates, Pseudo first order reactions, Explosive reactions, Hydrogen-oxygen and carbon monoxide-oxygen reactions, Combustion of hydro carbons, Flame speed measurements, Laminar flames, turbulent flames, Flame quenching, Stability of open flames, principles of flame stabilization, Stirred reactor theory.
Detonation, Huguenot plots for detonation and de-flagration regions, Ignition, Ignition methods, Induction period, Semenov theory of spontaneous Ignition-Flammability limits.
Hydrogenous combustion, Droplet combustion, spray combustion, Propellant combustion.
BOOKS:
1. Combustion: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation , By Warnatz, J., Maas, U., Dibble, R.W. ,4th ed., 2006,2. Kalyan Annamalai and Ishwar Kanwar Puri - Combustion Science and Engineering3. Advances in Combustion Science: by
William Sirignano,
Alexander Merzhanov,
Luigi M. De Luca , AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Ast (December 1995) Course Name : ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Course Code : ME 521
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
NON CONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES (10)
Introduction and need of Non-conventional machining Processes, Principle, theory of material removal, Process Parameters, Advantages, Limitation and applications of ultrasonic machining, Electro discharge machining, Laser beam machining & Electro chemical Machining.
PLASTIC MATERIALS & PROCESSES (6)
Different thermosetting and thermoplastic compounds, compression molding, Transfer molding, Injection Molding Film and Sheet forming, Thermo forming, Use of reinforced and laminated plastics, Applications of different processes.
RAPID PROTOTYPING (9)
Product development cycle and importance of prototyping, Types of prototypes, Principles and advantages and different types of generative manufacturing processes, viz, Sterollthography, FDM, SLS etc., Factors concerning to RP, Consideration for adoptions, Advantages, Accuracy, Economic considerations.
POWDER METALLURGY (4)
Important characteristics and methods of producing powders, Different techniques to form the shape viz. pressing, Extruding, Isostatic molding, Fibre metal process, Sintering Hot pressing.
SPECIAL PROCESSES AND ELECTRONIC FABRICATIONS (10)
Principles, Salient features, Advantages and application of abrasive floor machining, Magnetic abrasive finishing, Wire EDM, Electro Chemical Grinding, Honing, Lapping and Super finishing.
Principle Elements, Process, Advantages, Applications & surface preparation etc. of physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, Electroless coating and thermal metal spraying.
ELECTRONIC FABRICATION (6)
Fabrication of wafers and micro electronic circuits Machines: component Sequencing, Insertion, PCB Staffing wave soldering.
BOOKS:
1. Advanced Manufacturing Processes – G.F. Benidict, Marcel Deker publisher.
2. Non-conventional Machining Processes – P.K. Mishra, Narosa Publication.
3. Manufacturing Processes – B.H. Amsteal, Philip F. Ostwald & Myron L. Bengeman, John Wiley & Sons , eighth edition.
4. Manufacturing Analysis – N. Cook.Course Name : DESIGN PLANNING AND CONTROL OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Course Code : ME 522
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction to Production System : generalized model of production systems, types of production flows and its impact on system design Lifecycle concepts in production systems.
Design of Production system, facilities location and layout planning. Design of mass production systems; balanced assembly lines. Planning of production, systems model of aggregate production planning: Batch production system planning Multistage production inventory system. In process inventory, sequencing and scheduling models, Materials requirement planning. Computerized Production Control LOB, element of monitoring and following Case Studies.
Plant location Factors and theories. Location of plant with multi-plant operations, locational dynamics, transportation model in plant location. Facilities planning types of layouts. Charts required for facilities planning. Role of templates in plant layout
BOOKS
1. Production Management by Buffa.
2. Production Planning control & Integration by Daniel Sipper & Robert Bulfin, TMH.
3. Production & Inventory control by Wallace Hopp and Mark Spearman.
4. Industrial Engg. & Management by s. Dalela. Course Name : PRECISION MANUFACTURING
Course Code : ME 525
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of LecturesHistory of precision engineering, Principles and definitions of precision machine design, State-of-the art in research, prototyping and full production from ultra precision machining through micro-engineering, microelectronics and molecular manipulation, Application of displacement transducers to machines and instruments, Tolerance technology.Fundamental concepts in designing precision machinery, metrological instrumentation, ultra-precision motion generators, and precision assembly, Flexure mechanisms for precision engineering, Mechanics of contact, kinetic coupling, vibration isolation and material selection, Actuators and sensors to control mechanisms, Manufacturing of micron scale machinery and structures using non-conventional processes, Case studies on precision instruments.
Design of flexure-based instruments and mechanisms, Design of fixtures and alignment interface, Space-based precision engineering challenges, Precision challenges and applications in Nano-manufacturing, Emerging Technologies in Nano-manufacturing.
BOOK:
- 3rd SERC school on Precision Engineering, VK Jain, IIT Kanpur, India.
Course Name : ERGONOMICS AND WORK STATION DESIGN
Course Code : ME 526
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction human factors and systems, History of human factors, introduction to ergonomics and man machine system.
(5)
Information inputs and processing, Text graphics, Symbols and codes, Visual displays of dynamic information, Auditory, Tactual, and olfactory displays, speech communication.
(8)
Human output and control: Physical work and manual material handling, human control of systems, control and data entry devices.
(6)
Work Place Design: Anthropometric data, work space design and seating, arrangement of components within a physical space.
(7)
Environmental conditions: Illumination, Climate, Noise, and motion.
(6)
Human factors applications: Human errors, Accidents and safety, human factors in system design.
(4)
BOOKS:
1. Human Factors in Engineering and Design by M. S. Sanders and E. J. McCromic (seventh edition), McGraw Hill Publication.
2. Ergonomics of Work station design by Tarald O. Kvalseth, Published by Butterworth, London.
3. Man Machine System by T.B. Sheridan and W. R. Ferrell, MIT Press.Course Name : MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING
Course Code : ME 527
Credit : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Maintainability Measures and Analysis: - Concept of Maintenance, Maintenance Tasks and techniques, Duration of Maintenance Tasks, Frequency of Maintenance Tasks, Different types of maintenance, Maintenance Policies, Fault tree Analysis, its symbols and construction, thermography and ferrography, Case Study.
Maintenance Task and Policy Analysis: - Maintenance objectives, Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM), Maintenance Organisation, Maintenance Staffing and Training, Maintenance Planning and Scheduling, the Work Order System, Maintenance Control Performance Measures for internal control and Benchmarking for comparisons with other companies and other industries, Maintenance Inventory, Maintenance Audits, different techniques of monitoring, Case Study.
Specific Techniques: - Critical Path Analysis for the project management of outages, RCM for maintenance optimisation, Condition Monitoring, Computerised Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS's), Maintenance Contracts and Penalty and Reward Systems, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM).BOOK:Maintenance Engineering handbook – Keith Mobley, Tata McGrawhill.REFERENCES:
- Maintenance Engineering handbook – L.C. Morrow.
- Maintenance Engineering handbook – LR Higgins, Tata McGrawhill.
- Maintenance of Industrial equipment – B Crelberge & G. Pakelis.
- Maintainability and Maintenance Management – Pattron.
- Maintenance of Effective Maintenance Mangement – Neewbrough
- Maintenance Engineering Management – Mishra and Pathak, Prentice hall publication.
- Maintenance and spare parts Management – Gopala Krishan and Banerjee, Prentice hall publication.
Course Name : INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL
Course Code : ME 528
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction to quality (Services and manufacturing), quality planning and quality control, Statistical concept of SQC, Cause and pattern of variation, Calculation of mean and standard deviation from statistical data, Probability distributions: Hypergeometric, Normal, Poisson, Exponential, Binomial distributions.
(6)
Basic tools for process improvement: Flow charts, Run charts and control charts, check sheets, Histograms, Cause and Effect diagrams Scatter diagrams, Kaizen Blitz, Poka-Yoke.
(4)
Statistical Process Control methodologies: control charts for variables:
and
charts,
and
charts, Cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart, Exponential weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart, Moving Range chart, control charts for attributes: p chart, np chart, c chart, u chart and Dodge Demerit chart.
(8)
Sampling concept: accepting sampling, sampling plans for single, double, multiple, and sequential sampling and their operating characteristics curves, economical sampling plan, selection of sample and sample size, implementation of statistical process control.
(6)
Total quality control: concept, definition, purpose, scope, benefits and applications, benchmarks for TQC, Quality Assurance: definition, concept, principles, and advantages, Essentials of QA systems, Q A methods
(6)
Philosophies: Deming, Juran, Taguchi, Ishikawa and Crosby, comparison of Quality philosophies, TQM: concept, definition, components, approach, Gurus, TQM for sales and marketing management.
(8)
BOOKS:
1. Statistical Quality Control By E. L. Grant
2. Quality Planning and Analysis by J. M. Juran
3. The management and control of Quality by J.R. Evans and W. M. Lindsay
4. Statistical Quality Control By R. C. Gupta
5. Quality Control By M. Mahajan
6. Quality Control By Hansen and GhareCourse Name : ADVANCED METROLOGY AND INSPECTION
Course Code : ME 529
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction and definition of Metrology, Measuring instruments, General care of metrological tools, Precision Measurement
(4)
Measurement of angle of tapered hole, measurement of internal taper in blind hole, Measurement of angle of V-groove, Determination of width of V-groove, Measurement of interior angle of profile gauge
(7)
Calibration of linear and angular measuring instruments, measurement of limit gauges, Automatic Inspection machines, Precision instruments based on LASER
(6)
Introduction and requirements of good Dial indicators & Gauges, advantages and classification of Dial indicators, Applications of Dial indicators.
(8)
Measurement and testing of Gears: Introduction, involute curve, terminology source of errors in manufacturing Gears, Gear measurement, Rolling Tests, composite method of gear checking
(6)
Inspection: Introduction and definition, Forms of inspection, inspection planning, selection criteria and procedure for selection of good quality inspectors, Industrial inspection, Inspection procedure and equipments, Economic aspects of inspection
(5)
BOOKS:
1. Engineering Metrology by R K Jain
2. Production Engineering by P C SharmaCourse Name : ADVANCED METAL FORMING
Course Code : ME 530
Credits : 4L T P : 4 0 0 Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Stress and Strain Analysis, Yield conditions, Stress-Strain relations inelastic and plastic deformations, Work hardening, Formulation of elastic and plastic problems, Methods of solution, Slab method, Slip line and extremium principles.
Application of theory of plasticity to metal working operations.
Rolling: Development of various rolling processes, Technological aspects, Design of roll pass and groves, Lubrication and friction in rolling, Rolling schedules and automation in rolling.
Extrusion: Types of extrusion processes, technical features die design lubrication, Hydrostatic extrusion.
a) Wire drawing: Technological features of wire drawing.
b) Deep Drawing lubrication, die wear forces in drawing.
c) Forging: Technological advances in forging, process, die design and die materials, Deformation and forces during the forging.
d) Sheet metal forming, formability of sheet metal.
High rate forming process, technical features and mechanics, powder, forming.
Friction in metal working, Recent development in technology.
BOOKS:
- Plasticity for Mechanical Engineers by Johnson & Mellor.
- Principle of Industrial Metal Working Processes by Rowe.
- Mechanics of Plastic Deformation in Metal Working Processes by Yang & Kabayashi.
Course Name : ADVANCED METAL CUTTING
Course Code : ME 531
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Introduction, System of Tool Nomenclature, standards, Tool Geometry, Mechanism of Chip formation, Methods for frozen chip samples, mechanics of chip curl, factors involved in chip formation analysis, Dynamic shearing strain in chip formation, Photo-elastic analysis, stress in conventional shear flame, Effect of nose radius.
(5)
Oblique Cutting: Normal chip reduction coefficient under oblique cutting, True shear angle, effective rake, influx reg on consideration for deformation, Direction of maximum elongation, effect of cutting variables on chip reduction coefficient, Forces system in oblique cutting, effect of wear land on force system. Force system in milling, effect of helix angle, vulf’s method, spaan’s model for oblique cutting.
(6)
Cutting Forces and Dynamometer: Theoretical determination of cutting Estimation of Drill Thrust, Measurement of Forces, Design requirement of dynamometers, Basic requirement of measuring technique, Effect of cutting variables on cutting forces.
(8)
Fundamental factors which effect tool forces: correlation of standard mechanized test. (Abuladze-relation), nature of contact and stagnant phenomena, Rates of strains, shear strain and normal strains distribution, Kinetic coefficient of friction analysis, Built up edge phenomena, Effect of cutting variables on BUL and BUE.
(6)
Cutting Tools: Tool materials analysis of plastic failure (Form stability criterion), Analyzing failure by brittle fracture, wear of cutting tools, criterion, Flank and creature wear analysis, optimum tool life, tool life equations (Taylor’s woxen etc.) Tool life test, machining optimization predominant types of wear abrasive, adhesive, diffusion wear models, wear measurements techniques, Theory of tool wear, oxidative, Mathematical modeling for wear, Test of machinability and influence of metallurgy on machinability.
(7)
Economics of Machining: Economic tool life; Gilbert’s Model, Optimal cutting speed for Maximum production; Maximum profit, objective criteria for optimization, selection of optimum cutting parameters under various restrictive conditions, Brewer and Reuda;s optimization for maximum power constraint and maximum feed, Bjrcke’s Generalized Model, Sensitivity analysis in Machining economics, Economy based on Non Taylorian Tool life laws; Economics of multipass cutting.
(7)
Abrasive machining: Mechanics of grinding, cutting action of grit, maximum grit chip thickness, energy and grit force temperature during grinding, wheel wear, grinding process simulation, testing of grinding wheel, Mechanics of lapping and honing, three body abrasion.
(6)
BOOKS:
1. Metal cutting theory and practice-A. Bhattacharyya, Central book, Publisher, Calcutta-9
2. Metal cutting-M. ShawCourse Name : ADVANCED METAL CASTING
Course Code : ME 532
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Structure of Silica and different types of clays, bonding mechanism of silica-water-clay systems, swelling of clays, sintering, adhesion and colloidal, Silica grain shape and size distribution.
Patterns, Characteristics, ingredients and additives of moulding sand, Sand testing, core sands.
Nature of cast metals, solidification of metals, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, free energy concept, critical radius of nucleus, Nucleation and growth in metals and alloys, constitutional supercooling, columnar, equiaxed and dendritic structures, freezing of alloys, centerline feeding resistance, rate of solidification, time of solidification, mould constant, fluidity of metals, specific foundry considerations for gray C.I.
Pouring and feeding of castings, elements of gating system, gating design, top, bottom and side gating, filling time, gases in metals, riser design shape, size and placement, effect of appendages on risering, effective feeding distances for simple and complex shapes, use of chills, directional solidification, stresses in castings, cleaning and inspection of castings, casting design considerations.
Casting defects : their causes and removal, repair of castings, heat treatment of castings.
Foundry mechanization, Quality control in foundries, Pollution control in foundries.
Special Casting processes, hot box and cold box process, investment casting, shell moulding, full mould process, die casting, ceramic shell moulding. Vacuum moulding, continuous casting, centrifugal casting.
Steel and non-ferrous foundry practices, die casting of aluminium and its alloys, brass and bronze.
BOOKS:
1. Principles of Metal Casting – Heine, Loper and Rosenthal
2. Fundamentals of Metal Casting – R. A. Flinn
REFERENCES:
1. Foundry Engineering – Taylor, Flemings and Wulff
2. Fundamentals of Metal Casting Technology – P. C. Mukherjee
3. ASM Handbook – Metal Casting
4. Foundry Technology – P. R. Beeley Course Name : TOOL AND CUTTER DESIGN
Course Code : ME 533
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Fundamentals of cutting tool design, cutting tools and their principle elements, Tool Geometry System of tool nomenclatures and their inter relations, Reconditioning of tools. Special tools development of various tool material & their characteristics.
Single point cutting tools (SPCT), Principle, their characteristics, types of inserts, coated inserts and non coated inserts, Detail design of SPCT.
Drills, principal types, construction and geometry, development in the shape of twist drill, drilling inserts, design aspect of drill.
Milling Cutters: Purpose and types and their construction, Procedure of profile sharp ended and form relieved cutter design. Design of hobes.
Broaches, purpose and types, design aspects of various broaches.
Form tools, purpose and types, Design procedure, sharpening of form tools.
Design of dies, Element of Dies and punch, Types and Design procedure progressive dies, Drawing die, Bending die etc.
Advances in tooling: Introduction to tools used in Non traditional machining, Cad of cutting tools, Methods of Production of tools, tools used for NC machines, Importance of inserts and their application, Tools for Hard. Metal cutting, Composites etc. Modern trends in tool development.Course Name : INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND CONTROL
Course Code : ME 534
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION
Automation, types of automation, expectations from automation, basic functions of automation, reasons for automating, basic elements of an automated system, advanced automation functions, levels of automation.
FUNDAMENTALS OF AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL
Introduction, process definition, feedback control, basic principles of single controller loop, two position control, multiposition control, PID control, multivariable control, feed forward control.
FLUID POWER CONTROL
Fluid power control elements and standard graphical symbols, construction and performance of fluid power generators, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, construction design and mountings, hydraulic and pneumatic valves for pressure, flow and direction control, servo valves and simple servo system with mechanical feedback, governing differential equation and its solution for step position input, basic hydraulic and pneumatic circuits. Design of pneumatic logic circuits for a given time displacement diagram or sequence of operations.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEM
Process industries versus discrete manufacturing industries, continuous versus discrete control, computer process control, forms of computer process control, closed loop versus open loop control, design of control systems.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC CONTROLS
Introduction to electrical and electronic controls such as electromagnetic controllers- transducers and sensors, microprocessor, programmable logic controllers – principle of operation, ladder logic diagram.
CONTROL SYSTEM
Process model formulation, Laplace transforms, control actions, linear system analysis, root locus method, system design.
COMPUTER PROCESS CONTROL
The computer process interface, interface hardware, computer process monitoring, types of computer process control, direct digital control programming for computer process control, optimal control, adaptive control.
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
Introduction to manufacturing system, single station manufacturing cell, group technology and cellular manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems, transfer lines and similar automated manufacturing systems, automated assembly systems.
PRODUCTION SUPPORT MACHINES AND SYSTEMS
Industrial robots, automated material handling, transfer devices and feeders – classification, construction details and application of transfer devices and feeders used for job orienting and picking, automated guided vehicles, automated storage and retrieval.
PROGRAMMING AND OPERATION OF CNC MACHINES
Introduction to part programming, coordinate system, dimensioning, axes and motion nomenclature, structure of a part program, word addressed format, G02/G03 circular interpolation, tool compensation, subroutines, canned cycles, mirror image, parametric programming and R parameters, cutting speed, machining cycles, programming examples.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Introduction, thermal power plant, Water treatment plant, steel plant, etc.
BOOKS:
1. Fluid logic control and Industrial Automation by Daniel Bonteille.
2. Modern Control Engineering by Ogata.
3. Computer based Industrial Control by Krishan Kant.
4. Automatic control system by Kuoo.
5. Automation, Production system and computer integrated manufacturing by Groover.
6. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Control by Majumdar. Course Name : COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING
Course Code : ME 535
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
NUMERICAL CONTROL OF MACHINE TOOLS (8)
NC, CNC, their advantages and applications, the cost of NC/CNC part programming methods, dimensioning systems, axes designation NC motion control, interpolation, tape coding systems, tape readers, tape punching. Format such as fixed block and variable block format, NC word, part programming, use of macro statement.
COMPUTER ASSISTED PART PROGRAMMING (4)
Complete APT language
FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM (4)
DNC, Adaptive control, FMS, Elements of FMS, Functions of FMS, types of FMS, applications, introduction to robot, its applications and programming.
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (4)
Evolution of CIM, CIM Hardware and CIM Software, elements sof CIM System, development of CIM, CIM database and DBMS, Database requirement of CIM, DBMS, features of DBMS, database model, DBMS architecture, query language, structured query language, SQLas a knowledge base query language.
PLANT LAYOUT AND GROUP TECHNOLOGY (4)
Introduction to types of layout and traditional layout techniques computerized Plant layout, Group Technology layout, Part families, Part classification and Coding Production Flow Analysis Machine Cell Design, Benefits of Group Technology.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (4)
Traditional and automated process planning, process capability, retrieval and generative CAPP systems, benefit of CAPP, forward and backward planning, implementation consideration, Process Planning Systems.
COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT (8)
Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II), framework of MRP II System, Elements of MRP-II, Resources Requirements Planning, Demand Management, Master Production Scheduling and final Assembly Scheduling, Rough Cut capacity Planning, Material Requirements Planning, Capacity requirements Planning, Plant and supplier scheduling, Closed loop approach, Problems associated with MRP-II, Benefits and prospects for MRP II.
JUST IN TIME (JIT) MANUFACTURING (8)
Value Added Focus, source of Waste, JIT principles, The meaning of JIT, Small lot production, Setup Time Reduction, Pull Production Systems, Production control Systems, Pull and Push Systems, Process Improvement. Necessary conditions for pull Production Systems, How to achieve pull Production, Mechanisms for signal, To pull or Not to Pull, Scheduling for Smooth Flow, Production leveling, level scheduling for Pull production, Production Planning and Scheduling under different circumstances.
SHOP FLOOR CONTROL (SFC) (4)
Factory Coordination, Production Environment Design, Production Activity Control, Scheduling, Input Output Control, Plant Scheduling, Kanban, Production Reporting and Status, Measurements for Control, Order Disposition, Importance of SFC. BOOKS:
1. Automation, Production systems and computer Integrated Manufacturing - Mikell P. Groover – PHI Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. “CAD/CAM/CIM”- P.Radhakrishnan, S. Subramanyan.
3. Competitive Manufacturing Management – NichoLas John M – McGraw Hill. International Editions
4. Plant Layout and Design – James M. Moore – Mc Millan Publishing Company.
5. Manufacturing Resource Planning – Khalid Sheikh – Tata McGraw Hill Co.Ltd. Course Name : COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Course Code : ME 536
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0 Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
To provide advanced training in the analysis, response/behavior, design, selection, repair and recycling of anisotropic and/or composite materials — including societal and fiscal considerations.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Processing of metal, ceramic, and polymer composites; analysis of residual stresses.Study of micromechanics, additional strength, theory, perforated and notched composites, experimental techniques, fracture, manufacturing and processing, structural mechanics/vibration, nanomaterials, smart structures/systems/materials. Advanced analysis of composite materials; anisotropic elasticity; behavior of composite plates and beams under bending, buckling, and vibration; advanced elasticity solution techniques; hygrothermal behavior of polymer composites; strength prediction theories and failure mechanisms in composites;
BOOKS:
1. Experimental Mechanics of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials, Revised Ed., J.M. Whitney, I.M. Daniel and R. Byron Pipes, ISBN 0-912053-01-1.
2. Vinson and Sierakowski,
The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials. Martinus-Nijhoff (1986)Course Name : MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Course Code : ME 537
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0 Lecture wise breakup No. of LecturesAn introduction to MEMS applications in engineering, properties of single crystal silicon, anisotropy, Microsensors and MEMS, Evolution of Microsensors & MEMS, Microsensors & MEMS applications, MEMS Fabrication fundamentals, Photolithography, environment for microfabrication, surface micromachining techniques, Doping and the solution of the diffusion equation, MEMS Process integration, Microelectronic technologies for MEMS, Micromachining Technology, Surface and Bulk Micromachining, Micromachined Microsensors, Mechanical, Inertial, Biological, Chemical, Acoustic, Microsystems Technology, Integrated Smart Sensors and MEMS, Interface Electronics for MEMS, MEMS Simulators, MEMS for RF Applications, Lumped modelling with circuit elements, Energy conserving transducers, System dynamics, Elasticity effects: stiffness and equilibrium, structures, Thin film characterization, residual stresses, thermal stress calculation in thin films, Bulk silicon micromachining, M icrofluidics, viscous flow calculations, Bonding & Packaging of MEMS, Future Trends.
BOOKS:
- American Society for Testing and Material. 1996. Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 04.10. ASTM Philadelphia, PA. Bodig J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982.
- Gregory Kovacs, Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
- S. M. Sze, "Semiconductor Sensors," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994
- Julian W. Gardner, "Microsensors - Principles and Applications," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.
- Gregory T. A. Kovacs, Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook, WCB/McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY.
- G. E. Karniadakis and A. Beshkok,, Micro Flows: Fundamentals and Simulation,” Springer-Verlag, 2002.
- H. Elwenspoek and H. Jansen, “Silicon Micromachining,” Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- P. Y. Papalambros and D. J. Wilde, “Principles of Optimal Design,” by Cambridge University Press, 1988.
- A. H. Burr and J. B. Cheatham, “Mechanical Analysis and Design,” Prentice-Hall, 1993.
- Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, “JMEMS”, IEEE/ASME joint publication
- Sensors and Actuators, Elsevier.
- Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, American Institute of Physics
- IEEE/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Course Name : ADVANCED VIBRATION ENGINEERING
Course Code : ME 541
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
Geometry of Turbo Machine Blade, Timeshenko Beam, Coupled Vibrations, Langranges Equation, Hamiltons Principle, Shape Functions Shells And Plates.Variational Methods. Ressner Principle. Dean and Plass Method. Potential Energy Method, Ritz Method Rayleigh &Ritz Method .Collocation Method. Transfer Matrix Method, Galerkin Method, FEM approach Central Difference Method, FDM, Random & Nonlinear Vibrations, Holzer’s Method. Stodla Method .Matrix Iteration & inversion method
BOOKS:
1. Non-Linear Mechanical Vibrations by P.Srinivasan New Age Publishers
2. Elements of Vibration Analysis by Leonard Meirovtch McGraw Hill
3 Theory of Vibration with Application by Thomson PHI
4. Vibration by Daniel J Inman PHI
5. Fundamental of Vibration by Roger A Anderson.
6. Vibration Problems in Engineering by S Timeshenko. D.H. Young, W.Weaver John Wiley$SonsCourse Name : TRIBOLOGY
Course Code : ME 542
Credits : 4
L T P : 4 0 0
Lecture wise breakup No. of Lectures
INTRODUCTION
Friction, wear and lubrication, Types of Engg. Contacts : Conforming and non-conforming. Types of motion: rubbing sliding, oscillating, Rolling. Surface of interactions : elastic and plastic deformations, properties of materials, surface energy and flash temperature theory.
FRICTION
Laws of sliding friction : concept of adhesion, sliding & rolling friction, measurement of friction.
WEAR
Laws of wear, types of wear such as adhesive, declamation, abrasive, fatigue, corrosive, fretting, erosive, electricals and Oxidative Measurement of wear in dry atmosphere and different environments. Prevention and control of wear and friction in machines, wear of cutting tool and dies, study of abrasion in grinding, lapping and honing.
LUBRICATION
Mechanics of lubrication, Boundary, squeeze film hydrodynamic and elasto hydrodynamic and elasto hydrodynamic and hydrostatic lubrications, plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication, solution of Reynold’s equation in two and three dimensional flow. Pressure distribution load carrying capacity friction forces in oil film and co-efficient of friction in journal bearing. Slid lubricants, types and application.
BEARING DESIGN
Design of Bearings: Clearance in journal bearing, minimum film thickness, sommarfield Number. Oil grooves and flow of oil in axial and circumferential grooves cavitation and turbulence in oil bearing. Heat generation and cooling or bearing hydrostatic and hydrodynamic and their application in machine tools. Design of air bearing and other gas bearings.
ROLLING FRICTION
Reynold’s slip, Heathe Cote concept, selection of roller bearings and their methods of lubrication, design aspects and modes of bearing failures and elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication.
SOLID LUBRICANTS
Their applications in metal forming processes.
BOOKS:
1 Intrduction to Tribology by Bharat Bhushan Jhon wiley & sons.
2. Friction and Wear of Materials by Ernest C.Rabinowiscz
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